|
論文名 |
語りと老人（昔語りの心理療法）；社会福祉の立場から
|
| 著者名 |
安藤貞雄
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
4-10，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
I report on a process helping "the mentally disordered old people" (abbreviated：MO.) in talking about folktales (psychological therapy). These people cannot read books now.
In this helping process interaction occurs between MO and a "folktaler" (caseworker, helper). We can observe the following changes in the attitude forward living in the MO and the folktaler.
In the MO；
1) He has many opportunities to talk with room-mates and the folktaler.
2) He increases his vocabulary.
3) He puts his needs into words.
In the Folktaler；
1) He plans to please the MO by increasing folktales and so on.
2) It is effective to talk regularly (once every two days).
3) MO becomes friends with him by talking about MO's own life history.
4) He has confidence in being MO's given trust.
5) He finds his life worth while.
This helping process is an aggressive type of case work reiwed in the context of social work.
Future Tasks；
1) To clear up the observation-items.
2) To explain the changing process (containing workability) of the folktaler.
3) To psychologically explain, the relation between MO's ability for understanding and senile dementia.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
語りと老人（昔語りの心理療法）；生活指導の立場から
|
| 著者名 |
宮本克子
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
11-18，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
Those who appear to be difficult and for whom hope of recovery though treatment at an elderly home bas been abandoned may be the invalids who cannot sit up and are senile.
Five years have passed since we began to tell these kinds of individuals Japanese folktales. In the process, we noticed good changes in them, that is, improved mental stability, expression of emotions, and increase in vocabulary. As a result, we think it is possible to say：
1. The more opportunities we take to tell them Japanese folktales, the more their mental condition will improve；therefore it is desirable to continue.
2. The Japanese folktales should be recited, not read. Notice the expressions on their faces. Even if they don't listen to you, you should keep on.
3. The more the variety in the Japanese folktales, the better. The depth of their understanding depends upon the kind of tale and the time at which the elderly person began to have the opportunity to listen to the Japanese folktales. We cannot tell how long elderly people will remember the Japanese folktales.
4. You shouldn't tell the Japanese folktales for very long at one time (about 15 minutes).
5. If the storyteller is nervous, the listener will be nervous too, so the storyteller must be calm.
If after hearing the folktales the elderly people show joy and a willingness to talk about something spontanously, we can say we have helped them to find the joy of life.
Recently, the popularity of Japanese folktales is booming. I think this means that in spite of the developments of science, people need to communicate with simple words to restore lost human relations.
Can't we say that using Japanese folktales to have communication between the storyteller and the elderly people is one of the best ways to treat them? Otherwise, they have few opportunities to be told.
The folktales are thought to express many common experinces of human beings, beyond culture and generation. Telling Japanese folktales helps make people more broad-minded, and this broad-mindness helps them consider the minds of the elderly people.
I think this is the most important thing in homes for the elderly.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
語りと老人（昔語りの心理療法）；養護教育の立場から
|
| 著者名 |
大槻忠士
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
19-23，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
Psychotheraputic approaches to senile dementia have not been well established. In this article, I discussed the applicability of a newly developed techinique using folktales with demented elderly subjects. This technique has already been applied to mentally retarded children and significant improvements were observed. The major advantages of the old tales as verbal stimulation were (1) simplicity of construcion, (2) repetition of identical terms, and (3) enriched and amusing stories. Because of these advantages, old tales could be used in a psychotheraputic situation to activate the mental activities of the demented elderly as well as of mentally retarded children.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
語りと老人（昔語りの心理療法）；精神医学の立場から
|
| 著者名 |
切替辰哉
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
24-29，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
All old people with mental disorders have some remaining abilities. By activating these abilities, dementia will probably be improved. Ando and Miyamoto tried folktale psychotherapy in old people with mental disorders and reportes the effectiveness of the therapy. Thus, we investigated the psychiatric significance of the folk tale psychotherapy.
The old people with mental disorders sought a friendship with the nursing staff. Therefore, we repeatedly told Japanese folk tales to them, by which their verbal communication was increased and their reliance on the staff began to appear. Thereafter they became active in taking an interest in their circumstances and expressing feelings or emotion. Apparent changes were demonstrated in daily life. The folk tales are a source of mental nutrition afforded in their childhood and make a deep impression on old people. The old people remember affairs of the past well and keep memories of their childhood listening to the old tales. Therefore, telling the old tales to them evokes and stimulates their memory of infancy and affords mental nutrition to them.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
農村の老人問題；老人の健康づくりと生きがい対策
|
| 著者名 |
松田キミ
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
30-34，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
A public health education program was developed and applied to the aged to improve their health conditions.
This program included the following four approaches：
1) Systematization of various hobby groups
2) Education of the medical system
3) Discussion about family environment
4) Education about nutrition and health counseling
The main results were that the health of the aged, attitudes towards public health in family members and the subjective well-being of aged were improved, and medical expenses were decreased.
These results show the usefulness and importance of public health education to village people.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
農村の老人問題；精神医学の立場から
|
| 著者名 |
白石順吉
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
35-40，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
The increase of the aged population in Japan has produced the prolongation of the average left. Most people become weak in their mental and physiological functions in their old age. Moreover, the increase of nuclear families and in the number of both spouses working among young couples has left them lonely. Therefore, their social adaptation is very poor. This paper explains that the aged should have their psychological life taken care of, especially the psychic disorders in order to make their whole lives happy.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
農村の老人問題；地域医療の立場から
|
| 著者名 |
増田進
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
41-46，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
In Sawauchi village, the village government has offered a policy of free
medical care for infants and for the aged over 60 years old (since 1961).
The policy has brightened old people's faces as much as the happy and
fliendly atmosphere in their families.
In general, it is said that the policy of free medical care for the
aged increases total medical expenses for the National Health Insurance and
other health insurances. But in Sawauchi village, medical expenditures for
National Health Insurance increased very little at first, and recently have
creased. The villagers have become healthy.
This effect is attributable to the Health Care Division of Sawauchi village,
in charge of health services, which was established in 1963, and which has offered many health care activities, together with a village
hospital. The activities include the preservation of the natural
environment, environmental health, preventative health care, various medical
check-ups, the development of a village Health Ledger, the preparation of
health statistics, and health education.
The Division now has one doctor, four public health nurses, one
nutitionist, one dental hygienist and three clerks.
Sawauchi
village has two committees related to health care. One is the Health Committee, whose members are elected to by each of the 14 village
districts. It's role is to activate unique activities in each district and
transmit the opinions of the villagers to the Health Care Divisionand to the village hospital. The other committee is called the Community
Health Research Committee, and its members consist of representatives of
various organizations in the village. It has been an important organ
for the exchange of dialogue among the villagers, and between health
care recipients and those in charge of health and medical care. Through
discussions with the Committee, the villagers have deepened their understanding of our services, and in return, we in charge of such services have
used this dialogue to seek better ways to serve the inhabitants.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
農村の老人問題；行政施策の立場から
|
| 著者名 |
前田信雄
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
47-56，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
Since 1960 the percentage of the aged living alone as a proportion of total housholds has been increasing rapidly：11% of the aged lived alone in 1980. Especially in remote areas, we will observe one elderly person living alone for every five families at the end of this century. Bed ridden elderly in their home or hospitals increased in rural area (Tohoku area) to the level of 4% of the total elderly. The life-expectancy for male rural farmers 65 years and over in Aomori prefecture was the shortest in Japan, e. g. 13.83 years. The longest and second longest life expectancies of 16.36 and 15.20 were observed in Okinawa Prefecture and Tokyo in 1980. The Special Law of Community Development for Remote Areas enacted in 1970 covered 34% of the municipalities in Japan. This law pushed mainly construction of roads and buildings but neglected the development of medical care and community welfare which were most urgent for all inhabitants including the elderly. A Manpower shortage is also significant in rural areas. Many stroke patients in poor villages are waiting the care of the physical therapist and the occupational therapist and go without proper rehabilitaion after hospitalization in rural communities.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
高齢者問題世界会議の意義と成果
|
| 著者名 |
大間知千代
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
57-70，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
The year 1982 was a memorable year to those of us who have a special concern about aging. Why? It was because of the World Assembly on Aging, held in Vienna from July 26 to August 6. 1982, under the auspices of the United Nations. Three major points might be indicated significant accomplishments of the conferences：
1) The W. A. A. called the attention of the world to the demographic fact that a new group (generation) has been or is going to be created through the aging of the individual and the aging of society (population).
2) The W. A. A. appealed to the understanding not only of the administrators of programs and facilities for the aging but also to all other generations for the need of the aging to be treated on an equal basis socially, economically and politically with other generations.
3) The countries gathered in W. A. A. solemnly reaffirmed their belief that the fundamental and inalienable rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) apply fully and undiminishably to the aging. It was therefore reported that the Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the W. A. A. as the rights of the aging, should be the "Magna Carta of the Aging" to be recorded in the book of Human History.
Another point to be remarked is the great contribution of non governmental groups of gerontologists with valuable recommendations through the Non-Go-vernmental Forum for the practice of the International Action Programs.
An ideal philosophy of aging which we have excerpted from the Report of the W. A. A. is as follows：
"It is recognized that quality of life is no less important than longevity, and that the aging should therefore, as far as possible, be enabled to enjoy in their own families and communities a life of fulfillment, health, security and contentment, appreciated as anintegral part of society." (Preamble of I. A. P.)
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
年齢構造論と高齢化人口学
|
| 著者名 |
黒田俊夫
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
71-84，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
This paper is composed of three parts. The first part reexamines the studies of age composition historically, tracing back to Sundbarg's findings on the relationship between age structure and population growth potential. Then, the aging of the population, reflecting part of the total change in age composition, is discussed in general based on several pioneering works of Sauvy, Bourgeois-Pichat, and the United Nations which deal mainly with the reasons for population aging not recognized by Sundbarg.
The second part is devoted to a detailed analysis of the transitional stages of the age composition of the Japanese population. Before discussing the transitional process of the age composition after the Meiji Restoration, some retrospective observations on age composition, fertility and mortality during the Tokugawa feudal age are presented based on historical demographic studies. They suggest several interesting experiences in Japan：a surprisingly high proportion of the population was old while a relatively low proportion of the population was young and a rather low birth rate with a correspondingly high death rate frequently resulted in a population decrease.
The transition of the age composition in Japan goes through three stages. The first stage, starting from the beginning of Meiji Period and continuing up to 1925, is characterized by a rejuvenating population with a declining proportion of the elderly in the population and an increasing proportion of the young in the population. The second stage, from 1925 to 1970, is the initial period of the aging process. The third stage is divided into two phases. The first phase, from 1970 to 2000, is characterized by rapid aging, the proportion of the old population 65 years and over advancing from 7.1 percent to 16.3 percent. The second phase, from 2000 to 2025, may be called an extremely aged society with the percentage of the elderly in the population reaching 24 percent, a phenomena never experienced before in any human society.
The last part points out the effects of the changing mortality rate on population aging which has been neglected so far. In particular, a decline in the mortality rate of the people since 1970 in Japan has contributed to an extension of longevity for both males and females by about 20 percent, respectively. This is a new aspect of aging studies.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
中高年世帯の形成過程について；親の世帯からの子供の離脱を中心に
|
| 著者名 |
中野英子
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
85-99，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
The aging of population in Japan has been progressing at a high pace rarely seen in the rest of the world. Such aging of the population is a direct result of the decline in fertility. Meanwhile, in addition to the process of aging, the size of each family has continued to shrink.
In Japan, families comprise two types, the conjugal family and the stem family. Statistically, it appears that the number of nuclear families has been increasing, although this does not necessarily mean that the number of conjugal families has similarly increased. This is because even a stem family eventually becomes a nuclear family when the parents die.
As the aging of population has progressed, the number of middle-aged households, consisting only of a husband and wife, has increased remarkably. Most of such middle-aged households have been brought about as a result of the departure of the children from their parents. For this reason, in the case of urban families in which children have many chances to receive higher education or to find employment locally, the children stay with the family for a comparatively long time after they have grown up. In the case of rural families, however, the children normally leave their parents when they grow to 18 or older in order to receive higher education elsewhere or to find employment in the cities away from home. Consequently, the number of middle-aged households of a small scale increases. Nevertheless, in the regions where there are many stem families, there is a tendency for only the eldest son to stay with his parents and, as a result, a multi-generational family is fourmed.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
中高年女性の老後についての意識
|
| 著者名 |
松島宏子
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
100-113，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
The purpose of the present study is to make clear the anxieties and the needs of middle-aged women toward their old age. The data to be analyzed here are：1) a sample survey conducted by the Sociology Department of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology in Tokyo in 1977 of 676 unmarried women and in 1979 of 911 married women between the ages of 45 and 54, and 2) a sample survey conducted by the Division of Family Relations of O-chanomizu University in Okabe-cho, a mountain village of Shizuoka Prefecture, in 1982 of 439 married women between the ages 30 and 59.
The results are as follows：
1. In Tokyo married women were least worried about their old age, while unmarried, especially divorced women, were worried about their livelihood and housing. The proportion of those who would like to live with children and of those who would like to live near children was about 40% each among both married and unmarried women. 24% of the unmarried women did not know who would take care of them when they became physically weak, but only 5% of the married women in Tokyo and no one in Okabe-cho had such doubts.
2. In okabe-cho, more than 90% would like to live with their children, sharing the same house, livlihood and food. They expected the wife of their first son to take cara of them when they became physically weak. Therefore, their major concerns were whether or not the first son would continue farming or would find a bride.
3. Women in Okabe-cho still followed the norm of the stem family system in which the first son was responsible for his aging parents, while women in Tokyo tended to follow the norm of the conjugal family system in which parents and children were much more independent. However, even in Okabe-cho, the younger generation would like to live more independently from their children than the older generation.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
老年期の生きがい特性
|
| 著者名 |
野田陽子
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
114-128，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
"Ikigai" is defined as the orientation to finding meaning or value in living, by approaching a special object that is recognized to have a certain subjective significance. It is generally categorized according to the form of approach into four types：the "work" type in which people seek to engage in a kind of activity which brings the rewards of being a social producer：the "study" type in which people strive for knowledge, education, and all kinds of arts：the "social activity" type in which people desire to be of use to others and society in general：and the "participation in group" type in which people anticipate and enjoy accociating intimately with group members and make much of heightening group solidarity.
"Ikigai" of the aged people in Japan is characterized by their inclination toward the last type, ----the "participation in group" type. Through the analysis of this feature, this paper makes it clear, moreover, that to old people it is significant to take part in group activities with the younger generation, and that the orientation toward participation in groups forms a common basis for the other three types of "Ikigai" in which elderly persons pursue meaning or value in their lives.
Finally, in relation to "Ikigai", the contemporary problem of the social supply of opportunities for social participation is discussed.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
モラール・スケール、生活満足度尺度および幸福度尺度の共通次元と尺度間の関連性（その2）
|
| 著者名 |
古谷野亘
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
129-142，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
In a previous paper the author constructed a new 14-item scale of subjective well-being named the Life Satisfaction Index K (LSIK) and investigated the interrelationships among the measures of subjective well-being. The purpose of the present paper is a re-examination of the previous study. The subjects consist of 135 participants in a senior education program (mean age is 65.4 years).
The main results are as follows：
(1) The Life Satisfaction Index K was revised into a 9-item from. Factors underlying the LSIK were interpreted as Satisfaction with Life as a Whole, Optimistic and Positive Disposition, and Evaluation of Own Aging.
(2) Intercorrelation among the measures of morale, life satisfaction, and happiness indicated high levels of interrelationships, as previously reported.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
老人のぼけと性格に関する臨床的研究
|
| 著者名 |
笠原洋勇,柄澤昭秀,川島寛司,守屋爽一,竹内靖
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
143-157，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
A survey was made of 502 aged people living at home in Tokyo, and interviews with 486 persons (96.8%) were completed. The interviewed subjects were classified into two groups：group S, constisting of 198 members who manifested clinical senility and group C (control), who showed no senility or any other mental disorder. Group C was subdivided into group C I, consisting of 83 members among whom a decline in Activity of Daily Living (ADL) was observed and group C II, consisting of 181 members among whom no decline in ADL was found. Personality was classified in terms of the Structural Personality Inventory (SPI).
1) Using the SPI classification for group S it was found that the previous personality of the 486 persons included 36.4% of the syntonic type, 39.6% of the nervous type, 40.2% of the immodithymic type, 27.3% of the viscous type, 76.9% of the autistic type, and 82.4% of the hysteric type (Fig. 1). These rusults indicate that senility is most likely to occur among the autistic and hysteric types, and less likely to occur among the syntonic, immodithymic and nervous types.
2) Personality change was observed among 55.6% of group S and 39.4% of group C：personality change was more marked in the senily group.
3) Changes in personality accompanying aging may be roughly divided into two groups：one sort of change is toward selfishness, suspiciousness, stubbornness and short-temperedness while the other sort of change is toward mellowness and extraversion. Of these, the maladaptive type of personality change was significantly more marked with in group S, and appears to be correlated with senility rather than with ADL. However, there was no definite relationship between the severity of senility and changes toward maladaptive personality traits.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
老人における痛みの訴えと関連要因
|
| 著者名 |
芳賀博,松崎俊久,七田恵子,永井晴美,須山靖男,柴田博,古谷野亘,旗野脩一
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
158-167，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
The present study aimed at investigating the frequency of pain and the kinds of regimen done by people in pain, and at clarifying socio-demographic, psychological, and physical factors associated with pain in the elderly.
The 422 elderly residents aged 69-71 in Koganei City, a suburban residential area of Metropolitan Tokyo were surveyed. The survey was undertaken in 1976.
The results obtained were as follows：
(1) The frequency of pain was 40% in men, 48% in women.
(2) Pain was the most frequent in the lower back of all the parts of body, and the second most frequent in the knee in both sexes.
(3) Among the regimens done by people in pain, "seeing physicians" was most common at 43%, and "untreated" (28%) followed.
(4) Pain was significantly associated with living arrangements, education, job engaged in for the longest period of time, physical anxiety, ego-strength, history of disease and grip.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
ひとり暮らし老人の訪問看護に関する研究
|
| 著者名 |
山崎摩耶,新津ふみ子,加藤登志子,猪飼陌江
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
168-182，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
We, a group of visiting nurses of Shinjuku Ward Health Center, have been connected with the home visit service for patients since December 1974. Through these direct experiences, we found that not only the bed ridden aged, but also the aged who live alone needed the home visit. We have nursed the aged regularly and investigated their conditions once a year since 1974. A survey was conducted for the aged who lived alone and needed our assistance. The samples were 76 people who lived in Shinjuku Ward. We also maed an analysis of 27 cases of home visits. The following results show the importance and function of the home visit and the necessity of the home visit for the aged who live alone.
1) The aged who live alone are powerless to live, to control themselves and to solve their problems. In a word they live in dependence on other people.
2) Although they have many problems to solve, most of them are anxious to have home care and to die at home (not in a hospital).
3) With the skillful assistance of visiting nurses, they will be able to control themselves. With proper social and medical service and the cooperation of professionals, volunteers and family, they will get medical treatment and breathe their last at home.
4) As many kinds of professionals take part in the home visit, they have to act for the patients' family, respectively. So we nurses have to act as coordinators. In other words, we have to give other professionals proper information and an assessment of and the prospects for the patients' state of health.
5) Important problems to be solved for the aged who live alone are improvements in the medical network in the community, in administrative services, in the home visit's contents and in the education of the medical staff.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
ボケ老人専用施設「第2小山田特別養護老人ホーム」における1年半の処遇経過
|
| 著者名 |
川村耕造
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
183-206，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
With the rapid increase in old people in recent years, the problems of mental disordered old people have become serious. To cope with this situation, the social welfare corporation, Seisanrikai, constructed the 2nd Oyamada Social Welfare Nursing Home in April 1981. We have made an effort through trial and error to abide by the following fundamental principles：1) thorough care of the body, 2) a protective and receptive attitude, 3) close observation of old people taxing our ingenuity.
To study how older people's behavior changed in this facility in a year and half, we checked on the three following points：1) the change of activities in daily living, 2) the change of conduct in daily life, 3) the change of mental state and abnormal conduct.
Of course, the level of body activity goes down with aging, but this investigation clearly disclosed that older people could obtain some degree of emotional stability, judging from their conversation and behavior toward the surroundings.
Although the unusual conduct and mental disorders have not been entirely removed, they are likely to be improved in proportion to the person's emotional stability.
We concluded that our treatment based on the fundamental principles above produced good effects and that it is effective to take care of older people in the separate facility using a combination system consisting of various kinds of facilities for old people.
|
|
|
|
論文名 |
臥床者の疾病と医療；宮城県岩沼保健所管内臥床者実態調査
|
| 著者名 |
藤咲暹,関田康慶,市川礼子,山口昌子,一ノ渡義己
|
雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
5
：
207-223，
1983
|
| 抄録 |
As the proportion of the aged in the total population of Japan is growing at a very rapid pace, the number of diseased persons is forcasted to increase rapidly. Especially the number of bedridden persons suffering from cerebrovascular diseases etc. is expected to increase. Many will require aid for their daily needs over a long period of time. This is problem not only for the bedridden persons but also for their families.
In our paper, the diseases and medical care of bedridden persons are examined refering to materials obtained through field research on bedridden persons in the Iwanuma Health Center Area of Miyagi Prefecture. The research was performed in two steps, and 327 persons who satisfied the criteria of the bedridden state were selected. The research was done by regional nurses who visited the subjects.
The results show that cardiovascular diseases account for 58% (190 persors) of bedriddenness；87% of these were cerebrovascular diseases. The main diseases of the bedridden today are cerebrovascular diseases and these account for 61.8%.
Attending physicians are employed by 91.4% of the bedridden. Services received from these physicians were as follows：23.6% received only drugs, 21.4% received house calls when their conditions were serious and, 15% received regular house calls. From this it can be said that the judgement of the health condition of the bedridden, and the support of their families play an important role.
A principal component analysis was applied to the data of the bedridden with cerebrovascular diseases using variables relating to diseases and medical care. Through the analysis, the first principal axis, which has the property of a time factor, and the second component axis, which has the property of medical care acceptance, were extracted. The explanatory power of the two principal axes was about 70%. Using these principal axes, the bedridden were separated into groups. This classification makes it possible to understand the multivariate characteristice of the bedridden with a new small number of scales without disorder.
The results suggest to us that medical care facilities should be fully equipped with the functions of prevention, treatment and rehabilitaion, and that systematization should be perfoumed considering the chracteristics of each area. This kind of research and analysis is essential for giving concrete form to these programs. These programs will check on the progress of systematization.
|
|
|