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論文名 |
老年社会科学の回顧と展望；社会学的課題を中心に
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| 著者名 |
那須宗一
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
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4-10，
1979
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| 抄録 |
抄録はございません
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論文名 |
老年社会科学研究の回顧と展望；心理学の立場から
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| 著者名 |
長嶋紀一
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
11-15，
1979
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| 抄録 |
抄録はございません
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論文名 |
健康問題とのとりくみ
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| 著者名 |
奈倉道隆
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
16-22，
1979
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| 抄録 |
抄録はございません
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論文名 |
老人の家族扶養に及ぼす社会変動の影響；そのマクロ的考察
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| 著者名 |
山下袈裟男
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
23-30，
1979
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| 抄録 |
抄録はございません
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論文名 |
都市部における家族扶養の変化
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| 著者名 |
直井道子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
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31-36，
1979
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| 抄録 |
抄録はございません
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論文名 |
老人の家族扶養と社会変動；東北地方の調査を通じて
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| 著者名 |
斎藤吉雄
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
37-44，
1979
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| 抄録 |
抄録はございません
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論文名 |
老人の家族扶養と社会変動；アメリカにおける研究成果の菅見
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| 著者名 |
老川寛
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
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45-53，
1979
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| 抄録 |
抄録はございません
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論文名 |
高齢小規模世帯の形成過程の人口学的研究
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| 著者名 |
中野英子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
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54-65，
1979
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| 抄録 |
In postwar Japan, the family has undergone a transformation unparalleld by any other nation. This transformation has been accompanied by a drastic demographic transition.
According to the Census, ordinary households are difined as a group of persons sharing living quarters and living expenses or a person who lives alone occupying a dwelling house. Ordinary households are classified into three categories：relative households, one-person households (and non-relative hous eholds). Relative households are composed of the nuclear family and other relatives. In Japan, statistical analysis of the family is generally based upon household members rather than nuclear family members.
In Japan, from 1920 to 1955, both the population and the number of households increased slowly, while the household size remained stable. However, since 1955, the number of households has increased more rapidly than the population has increased, resulting in reduced household size. Since 1955, nuclear family households have increased while those with other relatives have slightly decreased. One-person households have dramatically increased.
Such changes have resulted in the simplification of household types. Grown children no longer share a household with parents, while middle and aged generations establish their own small-sized households.
The following demographic factors have contributed to these changes in the family：
1. lowered birthrate resulting in decreased household size,
2. population migration of youth producing nuclearization of the middle and aged households in rural areas,
3. increased labor employment participation and resulting geog raphical mobility producing simplification of family structure,
4．increased life-expectancy in the postwar period resulting in a growing number of small-sized aged households.
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論文名 |
農家高齢者の就労と農業者年金
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| 著者名 |
奥山正司
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
66-77，
1979
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| 抄録 |
Japanese villages have changed tremendously since 1955 under the influence of rapid economic growth.
The following is a summary of the labor situation of elderly farmers and the agricultural pensions of farmers.
Ⅰ．The labor situation
（a）Recently, the number of farmers, especially younger ones, has been decreasing. Consequently more and more old people have been laboring hard in order to maintain their standard of living. This is particularly common in agricultural-forestry villages, in desolate areas, and among the agricultural lower class.
（b）On the other hand, young people have taken over on the large scale farms of the plains where agricultural modernization has been advancing.
（c）The overall situation in Japanese agriculture is that the above pattern of smaller scale farming remains more common than large scale farming.
Ⅱ．The agricultural pension
The agricultural pension has the dual purpose of providing financial aid to elderly retired farmers and contributing to the modernization of farm management (through encouraging the replacement of older farmers by younger ones). Three problems in the pension area are (1) the people who work a large part of the year away from home, (2) the difficulties in shifting management from the old to younger farmers, and (3) the fact that old people who are now over 63 years old do not meet the pension system qualifications.
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論文名 |
老年期痴呆における動作性知能テストの意義
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| 著者名 |
藤田雅子,長谷川和夫,田久保栄治,鳶政和,渡辺勉,井上勝也
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
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78-89，
1979
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| 抄録 |
It has been previously reported that measures of the validity and reliability of Hasegawa's dementia scale (developed by authors) were at statistically acceptable levels and that the scale was quite valuable for screening older persons with dementia in clinical practice. Hasegawa's dementia scale is comprised mainly of items for measurement of verbal intellectual level. It does not include items for measurement of performance intellectual level. Assessment of performance intellectual level is, however, also essential for evaluation of general intelligence.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate correlations between Hasegawa's dementia scale and other performance tests and to clarify the characteristics of intellectual performance levels assessed by other performance tests.
Subjects were aged persons refered to the psychiatric department of St. Marianna University Hospital and those residing in an institution for the aged in Tokyo. The number of subjects with dementia was 36 and the number without dementia was 44. The psychological tests administered to the aged were Hasegawa's dementia scale, Kohs' Block Design test, the Bender-Gestalt test and five performance subtests of the WAIS. ADL was additionally evaluated. In addition to the original timed scoring procedure, an untimed scoring method was employed with four performance subtests of the WAIS and with Kohs' Block Design test.
Results：1) Significant correlations were found among all tests. 2) Significantly lower scores were shown in the aged subjects with dementia as compared with those without dementia in all tests. 3) On performance tests assessed by the untimed scoring method, no significant differences were found between the aged with dementia and those without dementia. Among both groups of the aged, the untimed scoring method markedly raised the scores of Block Design of the WAIS and Kohs' Block Design test. 4) The aged with dementia were less able to perform the Bender-Gestalt test and the Digit Symbol of the WAIS than those without dementia.
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論文名 |
優秀高齢婦人における言語連想の特徴
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| 著者名 |
小林充
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
90-99，
1979
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| 抄録 |
The purpose of the present study was, (1) to determine the characteristics of word associations in aged women in comparison with those of younger women and, (2) to provide data to supplement existing findings reported concerning the institutionalized aged. The subjects consisted of two age groups. The elderly group consisted of 151 women (age range：60-89) who maintained high levels of intellectual and social activity. The young group consisted of 75 students of a school of nursing (age range：19-24). The stimulus words used were 3 high- and 3 low-association-value words. Ss were asked to write down as many association responses as possible for 30 seconds per stimulus. The main results were as follows：
（1）The number of responses per stimulus in the aged group was significantly fewer than that of the young；and, within the aged group, the number of responses tended to decrease with age. Furthermore, in the aged group, "response by a sentence" and "lack of response" indicated a difficulty in doing word associations generally.
（2）The frequency of producing "affective associations", an index of subjective response, was significantly higher in the elderly women than in young women for high-association-value stimuli.
（3）The frequency of producing "additive associations" was significantly higher in older women than in younger women, especially for low-association-value stimuli.
The results of the present study supported existing findings concerning the characteristics of word association in the aged. It was suggested that age-related decrements specific to word association exist in general.
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論文名 |
老人のベンダー・ゲシュタルトテスト遂行に関する因子分析的研究
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| 著者名 |
矢富直美
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
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100-111，
1979
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| 抄録 |
In this study, factor analysis was used in order to examine the performance on the Bender Gestalt Test (BGT) of elderly persons. The subjects were 270 men and women living in a residential facility for the aged. The age range was 60-88, mean 70.4. The BGT was administered individually following the standard procedure. The performances were scored by the Pascal-Suttell's method. Then the weighted scores of 107 items were summed up in 47 scores. These 47 variables and one additional variable, the total response time, were intercorrelated and subjected to principal component analysis with oblique rotation.
It was found that 12 extracted factors accounted for only 47 percent of the total variance and that they were almost independent of each other. The factors were interpreted as follows：
1）Factor 1 was that of extreme deviation：it was the most important factor.
2）Factor 2 was interpreted as the factor of emotional attitude to a task, prudence.
3）Factor 3 was identified as the factor of failure of motor control at the beginning and ending of the movement.
4）Factor 4 was that of substituting small circles for dots.
5）Factor 5 was that of touching circles.
6）Factor 6 was identified as the factor of substituting dashes for dots.
7）Factor 7 was that of tremor.
8）Factor 8 was that of deviation of number.
9）Factor 9 was interpreted as the factor of deviation of the structure of rows and columns.
10）Factor 10 was that of asymmetry.
11）Factor 12 was that of deviation of curved lines.
Factor 11 could not be definitely interpreted, because the variables loading upon this factor seemed to share no common characteristics.
Then, the factor scores of each factor were compared by age, sex and the Kohs Block Design Test score. Significant age differences were found except in factor 5 (touching circles). Performances of females were significantly poorer in factor 2 (prudence) as compared with those of males, but this relation was reversed in factor 5 (touching circles), factor 7 (tremor), factor 9 (deviation of the structure of rows and columns) and factor 10 (asymmetry). Four groups (determined by the Kohs Test score) differed significantly in six factors including the factor of extreme deviation. Therefore, non-verbal intellectual function, as measured by the block desing test, seems to be related strongly to the BGT performance of the aged. However, it was found that there was little relationship between intellect and non-cognitive factors such as emotional attitude and motor control.
From these results some problems in the scoring system and interpretaion of the BGT performance for aged subjects were discussed.
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論文名 |
都市のひとり暮し老人の食生活に関する研究
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| 著者名 |
矢野敦雄,磯典理,隅倉治子,坂東美智子,新井弘子,小田垣桂子,田中玲子,永井てる子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
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112-123，
1979
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| 抄録 |
A survey was carried out of the dietary life of old people who live alone in downtown Osaka City.
Subjects were 60 persons (14 males and 46 females) who live alone, and 30 persons (15 males and 15 females) who live together.
The following results were obtained：
（1）As for the rate of nutrient intake on the basis of the Recommended Dietary Allowance and intake of food groups, there is little difference between the people who live alone and those who live together. In both of these two groups, the intake rates of calcium, vitamin A and vitamin B2 are low, and their coefficient of variance is high.
（2）The people who live alon get less variety in their meals. These people cook very simply. They consume more ready-made food, and they skip meals more often.
（3）Typically, a meal consists of several traditional Japanese dishes. Many of these who live alone have a single menu pattern which is monotonous.
（4）There is little difference between men and women in terms of nutrient intake, food intake and variety of foods or dishes in the menu.
（5）In the case of these who live alone, the amount of income is not related to the amount of nutrient and food intake. But those with more income have a greater variety of foods.
（6）The variety and the content of meals of those who live alone are strongly influenced by income, physical and mental condition, food habits and food preferences.
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論文名 |
特別養護老人ホーム利用者の予後調査
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| 著者名 |
斎藤紀仁,近間良之,鈴木雄次郎
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
124-134，
1979
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| 抄録 |
Two hundred and eighty eight old people (103 male and 185 female) admitted to Itabashi Metropolitan Nursing Home were followed up for six years. More than a half died during the observed period of observation. And 23.3% of those who died were males. The most frequent disease on admission was apoplexy sequellae. This was markedly frequent among males. The subjects who could walk normally at the begining survived better than those who had difficulty in walking. In the latter group, however, survival rate was rather higher among patients who could not walk at all as opposed to those who could walk to some degree. Longevity of subjects with hypertension or senile dementia on admission was not different from that of other diagnoses. The mortality rate was high in patients with apoplexy sequellae. Accidental death by asphyxiation in the nursing home was frequent in males of advanced age. Bone fractures, most frequently seen at the neck of femur, occurred a bit more frequently in females. This seldom caused death. The autopsy rate was 78.5%. The most common pathological diagnoses were (in order of frequency)：pneumonia, cerebral infarction, various types of cancer, myocardial infarction, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and cerebral bleeding.
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論文名 |
ある痴呆老人のケースワーク的試み；昔話の出前による事例報告
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| 著者名 |
安藤貞雄,宮本克子
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雑誌名
巻／号／頁／年 |
老年社会科学，
1
：
135-144，
1979
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| 抄録 |
How is it possible for the impaired old, spending all their days in bed in a nursing home, to lead useful lives?
In this paper, it is our purpose to suggest some answers to this problem. This report concerns changes in a mentally disordered old woman who was helped by means of a method using Japanese folktales. We borrowed the idea of telling her Japanese folktales from Y. Miyamoto, a caseworker. The period of our observation extended from May to October, 1978.
The results of this study are as follows：
1．There remained no difference in the intellectual level as measured by Hasegawa's Scale.
2．The subject (female) has come to take an interest in other people in the nursing home.
3．She has become settled in her inner life.
4．She has been able to express her emotion.
5．First, she showed interest only in amusing words within the folktales, but she gradually came to understand the plots.
6．First, she sang only parts of old songs of her younger days, but little by little, she could sing whole lines from those songs.
7．First, shie wanted to live with her family, but later, she wished to live by herself there.
8．When her storyteller (the caseworker) was out, she hoped that the storyteller would come back safe and sound.
In short, since entering the nursing home her lethargic life has changed into the active one. We believe that the enthusiasm of the staff members who dealt with her brought forth this positive effect.
From the above-mentioned results of this single case study, we can set out the following future tasks：
1．To learn other folktales from elderly patients.
2．To train storytellers among the patients themselves.
3．To apply this helping method by means of folktales to other aged groups.
4．To gather as many other folktales as possible.
5．To establish the basic theory underlying this method of social casework.
6．To study further additional cases.
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